ENERGY STAR® A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) voluntary program that helps businesses and individuals save money and protect our climate through superior energy efficiency. Flood Floodlights create a widespread distribution of light for illuminating a wall, sign, or large object or building. A floodlight should be well shielded with an accessory louver or shield to avoid stray light and glare. Fluorescent Lamps Lamps which operate by creating an electric arc inside a gas-filled tube. The color of the light is determined by the type of phosphor coating used in the lamp. Fluorescent Troffers Recessed fluorescent fixtures for 2-foot and 4-foot lamps, generally in modular sizes (2’x4’, 1’x4’, 2’x2’); commonly used in commercial spaces. Footcandle The unit of measure for the density of light as it reaches a surface. One footcandle is equal to one lumen per square foot. General Lighting Also known as ambient lighting, general lighting provides an area with overall, non-specific illumination. Glare Lighting that causes discomfort and impairs good visibility. High-Bay Interior Lighting where the roof trusses or ceiling height is greater than approximately 25 feet above the floor. Common in big box retail, warehouse, and industrial settings. High-Intensity Discharge (HID) An electric lamp that produces light directly from an arc discharge under high pressure. Metal halide, high-pressure sodium, and mercury vapor are types of HID lamps. High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamp type that uses sodium under high pressure as the primary light-producing element. HPS lamps produce a yellow light with a CCT of approximately 2000 Kelvin. HPS lamps are among the most efficacious light sources, with efficacies as high as 150 lumens per watt, although those with higher CRI values have efficacies as low as 25 lumens per watt. High Voltage Voltage that exceeds 50 volts. Incandescent Lamp Produces light with a wire filament, which creates light as it is heated by electric current. Kelvin GLOSSARY TERMS CONTINUED
Color temperature is measured in degrees Kelvin, which indicate the hue of a specific type of light source. Higher temperatures indicate whiter, “cooler” colors, while lower temperatures indicate yellower, “warmer” colors (see CCT). Kilowatt (kW) 1000 watts Kilowatt Hour (kWh) A unit of measurement for electrical energy usage. One kilowatt hour equals 1000 watts of energy used for one hour. Job Site The physical location and address where the measures were installed. Lamp The light source within a fixture. Some types are referred to as a bulb or tube. Lens A glass or plastic diffuser used in luminaires to seal a fixture or control the exiting light. Light Emitting Diode (LED) A semiconductor diode (electronic components that let electricity pass in only one direction) that emit visible light when electricity is applied and is used in lamps and digital displays. LED is available in a wide variety of colors and lighting fixture types and typically has a much longer-rated life than traditional lighting technologies. Lighting Power Density (LPD) A measure of the total lighting power in watts used per square foot of a building’s area. It is calculated by dividing the total wattage of all lighting fixtures in a space by the total square footage of that space. Line Voltage The voltage supplied by a power line, measured at the point of use. Low-Bay Interior lighting where the roof trusses or ceiling height is approximately 25 feet or less above the floor. Common in warehouses, athletic facilities, and industrial settings. Low Voltage Lighting Lighting system that operates on a system that supplies ≤50 volts to the lamps or light sources. Lumens Per Watt (LPW) The number of lumens produced by a light source for each watt of electrical power supplied to the light source. Also known as efficacy. Lumen Unit of total light output of a light source in all directions, expressed in lumens. Luminaire A complete lighting fixture consisting of lamp or lamps together with the socket and parts designed to distribute the light, to
position and protect lights, and to connect the lights to their power supply. Luminaire-Level Lighting Controls A subset of NLCs that use embedded sensors and controls within individual luminaires, enabling more granular control, easier installation, and increased flexibility. Mercury Vapor (MV) Lamp A high-intensity discharge lamp type that uses mercury as the primary light- producing element. Mercury vapor lamps produce light with a CCT from 3000K to 7000K. Mercury vapor lamps are less efficacious than other HID lamp types, typically producing only 30 to 65 LPW. Metal Halide (MH) Lamp A high-intensity discharge lamp type that uses mercury and several halide additives as light-producing elements. MH lamps have better color properties than other HID lamp types because the different additives produce more visible wavelengths, resulting in a more complete spectrum. MH lamps are available with CCTs from 2300K to 5400K and with CRI values from 60 to 93. Efficacies of MH lamps typically range from 75 to 125 LPW. Networked Lighting Controls (NLC) Advanced lighting control systems that combine sensors, network interfaces, and controllers to effect lighting changes in luminaires, retrofit kits, or lamps. These systems integrate multiple control strategies such as occupancy sensing, daylight harvesting, high-end trim, and scheduling to provide enhanced energy savings, automation, and performance tracking. Occupancy Sensor A device which activates a fixture upon sensing the presence of a person Light-sensitive device used to operate fixtures according to available daylight. They are used to integrate an electric lighting system with a daylighting system so lights operate only when daylighting is insufficient and turn outdoor or security lights on and off at dusk and dawn. Recessed Fixture A fixture mounted in the ceiling. With downlights, only the aperture and trim are visible from below. With fluorescent troffers and luminous ceilings, only the light shield is visible. Retrofit Upgrading a fixture by installing new lighting fixtures, parts, or equipment. Solid State Electronics that use semi-conductor chips and circuitry. in a space. Photocell
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